Ornament And Crime Pdf
The stragglers slow down the cultural evolution of the nations and of mankind; not only is ornament produced by criminals but also a crime is committed through the fact that ornament inflicts serious injury on people's health, on the national budget and hence on cultural evolution. If two people live side by side with the same needs.
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- PDF On Jan 1, Barbara von Orelli-Messerli and others published Ornament und Verbrechen. Adolf Loos’ kontroverser Vortrag. Ornament and Crime began as a lecture delivered by Adolf Loos in in response to a time (the late 19th and early 20th Centuries) and a.
- Download adolf loos or read online books in PDF, EPUB, Tuebl, and Mobi Format. His essay ‘Ornament and Crime’ equated superfluous ornament and ‘decorative arts’ with underclass tattooing in an attempt to tell modern Europeans that they should know better. But the negation of ornament was supposed to reveal, not negate, good style.
- “Ornament and Crime” is an essay and lecture by modernist architect Adolf Loos that criticizes ornament in useful objects. ORNAMENTO Y DELITO Y OTROS ESCRITOS LOOS ADOLF on.FREE. shipping on qualifying offers. Ornament and Crime began as a lecture delivered by Adolf Loos in in response to a time (the late 19th and early 20th Centuries.
- The Ornament & Crime firmware is a collaborative open-source project by Patrick Dowling (aka pld), Max Stadler (aka mxmxmx) and Tim Churches (aka bennelong.bicyclist). It (considerably) extends the original firmware for the Ornament & Crime (oC) DIY eurorack module, designed by mxmxmx.
“The art of argumentation is not an easy skill to acquire… It is easy to name call, easy to ignore the point of view or research of others, and extremely easy to accept one’s own opinion as gospel.”1
The 1908 essay Ornament and Crime by Adolf Loos is a collection of contradictory, hysterical, ill-conceived rants that were fomented by a sullen elitist. Loos implores the reader to cast off the wicked ways of the old and take up the fight for a new modern and more civilized era-an era that pictures the human race at its zenith with no ornamentation whatsoever. Although he was there to ride the wave of the Modernist Movement his essay decrying the ornament of the past can best be described as a reflection of a troubled man. Instead of putting forth new ideas he directs the reader to look with derision on other ones. Ornament and Crime has no continuity and is, in large part, simply opinions with little, no or bizarre base in facts.
Loose writes of a civilization where, “Men had gone far enough for ornament no longer to arouse feelings of pleasure in them,” of a place where “if there were no ornament at all…man would only have to work four hours instead of eight,” and of a place where people say, “‘Thank God,'” when there’s a fire, “‘now there will be work for people to do again.'” Loos could not have been more wrong about the future of art, architecture and human civilization. Ornamentation is not needless expression and is indeed an integral part of modern civilization that cannot be eliminated.
Ornament and Crime begins with Loos describing an overly simplistic and narrow view of humans’ early development that shows his relativistic and class-based thinking.
The human embryo goes through the whole history of animal evolution in its mother’s womb, and a newborn child has the sensory impressions of a puppy. His childhood takes him through the stages of human progress; at the age of two he is a Papuan savage, at four he has caught up with the Teutonic tribesman. At six he is level with Socrates, and at eight with Voltaire. For at this age he learns to distinguish violet, the colour that the eighteenth century first discovered – before that violets were blue and tyrian was red. Physicists can already point to colours they have named, but that only later generations will be able to distinguish.
Loose breaks no ground with his observation that the senses of newborns are feeble; this is the very definition of what it means to be newborn. But the comparison between humans and dogs is ludicrous; might one not also consider the inherit potential that lies inside a newborn dog on one hand, and a newborn human on the other?
At age two ‘human’ is like a Papuan, a dark-skinned person from what is now Papua New Guinea, an evolutionary link just above a dog. Just able to walk on two legs and form rudimentary words but apparently unable to achieve full human status. Although racism was and still is all too common, science had fully blossomed by 1908 and such concepts as the theory of evolution had already been around for over 50 years. When attempting to write a forward-thinking essay it is tragic that Loos found it necessary and thought it acceptable to use such backward examples as part of a logical argument. Papuans had developed agricultural based societies some 6,000 to 9,000 years ago. Given better resources with which to work with Papuans may have well have been the ones to put Europeans in zoos.2
At age four, Loos writes, people are like the barbarians from the north that ancient Rome fought nearly two millennia ago-heathen savages. Then, quite unexpectedly there is a great leap in learning; a six-year-old is able to philosophize on the level of Socrates. Loos then takes one of many fantastic swerves from logic and declares that at the ‘age of Voltaire’ a child is finally able to distinguish subtleties in the color wheel. It is unclear why Loos would choose Voltaire, a philosopher and writer, to use as an example of the developmental level when a person can distinguish a specific color, or its relevance.
It is amazing to think that Loos knew children of eight years of age that had the wit of someone as legendary as Voltaire, not to mention the six-year-old Socrates. Perhaps most amazing though, is Loos’ complete and total lack of evidence that any of what he writes in his opening paragraph can be substantiated.
His introductory observations continue and Mr. Loos writes of amoral children, murder, cannibalism, tattoos and morality. “When a tattooed man dies at liberty, it is only that he died a few years before he committed a murder.” This is his tie to the argument that ornament is a criminal act? This is why no school should have a statue at its front entry; no lapel should be adorned with a pin? Will these wanton decorations lead to mass murder?
According to a 2004 survey by the American Academy of Dermatology, 24% of the respondents had a tattoo.3 By Loos’ standard we are all in deep trouble. Is it possible that he overstates himself? Mariners commonly had tattoos during his time and while they might have been a rough bunch as a whole, to state that their death is the only thing preventing them from committing murder is truly odd to any steady thinker.
There is also no escaping the fact that the civilization that Loos felt was nearly at the point of building “Zion, the holy city, the capital of heaven,” was already in the midst of a period of slaughter and genocide such as the world had never seen. Not by savages and tattooed marauders but by politicians and titans of industry.4
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After Loos interprets the amoral human embryo and the tattooed man, he launches into the origins of art and ornament. “All art is erotic.” Loos states. The “first artistic act” was performed to rid oneself of surplus energy. He compares the horizontal dash with a reclining woman and the vertical dash with a man penetrating her, concluding that the first ornament to be born was the cross, which was erotic in origin. Though ancient cross symbols have been seen as phallic symbols the fact that he sees only eroticism in the simple lines is bizarre in a truly Freudian way. Loos also neglects to elaborate on the other, probably older symbol, the circle. This reflects on his view of the profane, which is his main point, apparently, in the first section of the essay. He seems incapable of thinking that images of reproduction were not eroticism but ‘merely’ represented life.
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His next argument for ornament as a crime is by using bathroom graffiti and the drawings of young children as examples of art. As to the former, “One can measure the culture of a country by the degree to which its lavatory walls are daubed.” To the latter, “[a child’s] first artistic expression is to scrawl on the walls erotic symbols.” Loos is quite obviously deeply haunted by perverse thoughts and was himself in need of an outlet for his own surplus energy. To claim that young children are scribbling erotica on the walls is troubling. In a modern setting if a child were to actually do this, an investigation into criminal acts of pedophilia would take place. Again, with nothing to back up his claim, no correlative story, one has to wonder how he came to these conclusions.
In order to bring any cohesion to Ornament and Crime and Loos thesis, “The evolution of culture is synonymous with the removal of ornament from utilitarian objects,” it is necessary to take a look at the experiences Loos had and the context in which he lived. Loos traveled to America in 1893. During that year he attended the World’s Fair in Chicago and was impressed by much of the current architecture, particularly of American architect Louis Sullivan. Sullivan is famous for his saying, “form ever follows function,” which would later be shortened to “form follows function.”5 Sullivan and fellow-minded American architect Frank Lloyd Wright had the idea that buildings themselves could become ornament. They should fit into their surroundings and become part of the landscape. They were not however, opponents of ornament. Towards the end of his career in fact, Sullivan designed a number of buildings that were highlighted by ornament and are called his “Jewel Boxes.”6 Frank Lloyd Wright, in addition to being an architect, was an art collector and dealer. He also designed the furniture for many of his buildings. Though the American architects had new visions for ornament it certainly was not left out of their design work.
Loos remained in America for three years and while there, he was forced to labor at menial jobs such as floor layer, brick layer and even dish washer until late in 1894 when he found a position as an architectural draftsman in New York. He returned to Vienna a changed man.
Back in Vienna, Loos was confronted with a floundering empire that dwelled on old architectural styles that promoted flourishes and grand façades. He responded by designing the Café Museum in 1899. It was well designed yet very simple. It had arched windows looking into an arched room. The light fixtures left the light bulbs exposed and he did a novel thing by making the electrical connections to the chandeliers out of brass strips banding the ceiling. Café Museum was stark for the time but by no means free of ornament-the ornament had just become more streamlined.
The response to this ‘functional’ design was not complimentary, Loos created this simple Viennese coffee house during the peak of the Art Nouveau period. The café was nicknamed “Café Nihilism”7 and Loos was incensed that the privileged classes of Austria weren’t as forward thinking as the people in America and Britain. He called his critics, “hob goblins” and blamed them for smothering a society he saw only evolving without ornament, “Humanity is still to groan under the slavery of ornament.”
Loos blames the stagnant attitudes, the “ornament disease” on the state, which was the centuries old Austro-Hungarian Empire. “Ornament does not heighten my joy in life or the joy in life of any cultivated person.” So on one hand Loos decries the fact that a carpenter’s bench wouldn’t be preserved for the ages as worthy of notice and on the other he preaches that the love of something unadorned is something only the “cultivated” can understand. He blames the slow speed of cultural-revolution on stragglers and gives as examples his neighbors that are stuck in the years 1900 or 1880, the “peasants of Kals (a secluded mountain town in Austria) are living in the twelfth century,” and “the man of the fifteenth century [who] won’t understand me.” These very people who are stuck in the past and are keeping society from moving forward also seem to be the focus of a contradiction Loos is unable to explain away, try as he might.
Ornament And Crime Pdf
And somehow, through this narcissistic attitude of “preaching to the aristocrat”, Loos seems to have stumbled upon a rational argument and an undeveloped reasoning behind his thesis. Ornament is “a crime against the national economy that it should result in the waste of human labour, money and material.” Loos recognizes, however briefly, that people naturally tire of objects before their use is done, and if gone unchecked, the need to consume could become problematic. As an example of this wastefulness, Loos points to a man’s suite or a lady’s ball gown but he then irrationally compares them to a desk. “But woe if a desk has to be changed as quickly as a ball gown because the old form has become intolerable.”
Loos inability to give the credit of common sense to his audience is only exasperated by his next argument. “If all objects would last aesthetically as long as they do physically, the consumer could pay a price for them that would enable the worker to earn more money and work shorter hours.” Loos does however scrape the surface and begin to relate how craftspeople are paid poorly and how changing tastes are causing some items that are completely unadorned to be priced the same as items with a high degree of ornament. He points out that productivity can increase with an end to frills and filagree. What economic paradigm was he using that would allow greater compensation for more productivity in less time? I will grant that I have one hundred years of economic history to look on that Loos wasn’t privy to, but thinking that workers would benefit from working less defies logic.
In addition, didn’t Loos argue that the birth of ornament sprang from mankind’s “surplus energy?” His point then becomes ridiculous-remove ornamentation from all utilitarian objects in order to save time and money thus providing mankind with the surplus energy necessary to ornament. This is where Loos argument completely falls apart.
It is ironic and a pity that what seems to keep Loos from realizing that he is against consumerism and greed and not necessarily ornamentation seems to be his own fear to take a stand for what he believes in instead of what he is against. But he then compares a Chinese carver working for sixteen hours to an American worker, a product of the Industrial Revolution, working just eight hours. Of course the workers will make more money due to increased productivity.
Yet, with this seemingly benevolent view of the working class he reminds us of his true thoughts, Loos touches on this when he recognizes that, “people on a lower footing [are] easier to rule.” Is it that the mason is too closely aligned with the working class and so is worthy of derision?
So even with a plausible argument, that wasteful design is criminal, Adolf Loos goes off track and gets wrapped up in outlandish statements like, “set fire to the empire and everyone will be swimming in money and prosperity” and “ornamented objects are tolerable only when they are of the most miserable quality.”
In his misdirected logic, Loos takes on some of the biggest names of the day, artist Otto Eckman and architect and designer Henry van de Velde, but he only weaves himself into further contradictions and confusion regarding ornament and crime. Loos claims that their works are not only a waste but that they fall out of fashion so quickly that furniture, clothing, entire households must be thrown out to make way for the new designs but he then goes on to say that the time is incapable of producing new ornament. You can’t have it both ways, incapable of producing and producing too much. His entire argument that mankind was beyond ornament disregards the vibrant atmosphere around him; Art Nouveau, Arts and Crafts, Deutscher Werkbund, The Secession even the advent of Modernism.
Although some of the buildings he designed had some redeeming points to them his obsession with a ‘purity’ of design resulted in his writings getting more attention than the buildings he designed. White and boxy with no aesthetic would be one way to describe the later Loos ‘style’. His low point probably came when he designed the Rufer House in 1922. Loos tried very hard to make a point but when his buildings are taken as point of reference I find it difficult to believe he made one.
In the end is Queen Capitalism to be our sovereign? Is the capitalist a more advanced human than the artisan? How dare an architect refuse to acknowledge the suffering of his companions, his peers. That one can draw an interesting collection of boxes and with the other can carve beautiful scrollwork into marble, are they both not working to create a more visually distinctive and enjoyable world? Indeed, Loos himself admits that ornaments produce joy-only not for him. When he concedes that he is not above wearing ornament for the sake of others he is truly exposed as a fraud.
As far as making a point in debate however, it is quite skillful of Loos to infer that any who oppose his view are simply lower forms of life, possibly even sub-human. If in discussion, someone dared disagree, Mr. Loos could simply fall back on the intellectually fraudulent, “You obviously don’t understand” or “Maybe the concept is beyond you”. These tactics are well known to debaters but they are hollow in that they accept a theorem without a firm foundation of facts, and Ornament and Crime is fraught with ideological foundation issues.
Had he said, “How can so much wealth and effort go into a theatre when people are starving?” That is an argument for ornament being a crime. Woman giving birth to children on the street and not being cared for at the expense of some filigree, that could be argued to be criminal. The people with plenty spend their time shirking their duty to their fellow human beings; that could be considered criminal.
It sounds like this son of a stonemason was trying too hard to impress his friends. In the end he has been remembered, not so much for his building designs but for this argument. Bringing aesthetic value to something is a gift, not a crime. To make an object that is already useful, graceful and a delight to the senses enhances the value of that object. The true crime is to deny or suppress the human desire to create, beautify, fashion into something that can only be seen in the mind.
Of the question Is Ornament a Crime? I will retort by asking my own questions. Is a flower ostentatious? Is the plant much more pleasing before it has bloomed? I would boldly state that flowering plants are indeed not cultivated for their leaves and stalks. Is a bird, bright with plumage, blight on the horizon? Does water flow in such an objectionable way as to create eddies and whirlpools to offend the senses? I must answer ‘no’ to these questions and simply say that ornamentation is the flower of humankind, a necessary expression for all civilizations that cannot and will not be eliminated while there is still a creative spark in us.
-A note about the lack of accompanied imagery-
There are a multitude of images that could be displayed as examples of ornament that could be viewed as good or bad. Humanity has created a myriad of expressions since self-realization happened. The expression itself is not the point, it could be any expression at any point in the history of mankind. The fact that humans should not be inhibited to create is what is at issue whether it be in architecture, dance, art, song; therefore I felt it would be superfluous to include snippets of creativity that could never encompass what all peoples have created in the last. 20,000 years.
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ISBN_10 : 1572410469
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DESCRIPTION : Contains thirty-six original essays by the celebrated Viennese architect, Adolf Loos (1870-1933). Most deal with questions of design in a wide range of areas, from architecture and furniture, to clothes and jewellery, pottery, plumbing, and printing; others are polemics on craft education and training, and on design in general. Loos, the great cultural reformer and moralist in the history of European architecture and design was always a 'revolutionary against the revolutionaries'. With his assault on Viennese arts and crafts and his conflict with bourgeois morality, he managed to offend the whole country. His 1908 essay 'Ornament and Crime', mocked by an age in love with its accessories, has come to be recognised as a seminal work in combating the aesthetic imperialism of the turn of the century. Today Loos is recognised as one of the great masters of modern architecture.
Publisher : Phaidon Press
ISBN_10 : 0714874167
Copyright Year : 2017-06-19
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DESCRIPTION : An unprecedented homage to modernist architecture from the 1920s up to the present day Ornament Is Crime is a celebration and a thought-provoking reappraisal of modernist architecture. The book proposes that modernism need no longer be confined by traditional definitions, and can be seen in both the iconic works of the modernist canon by Le Corbusier, Mies van der Rohe, and Walter Gropius, as well as in the work of some of the best contemporary architects of the twenty-first century. This book is a visual manifesto and a celebration of the most important architectural movement in modern history.
Publisher : Verso
ISBN_10 : 1859846688
Copyright Year : 2002
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DESCRIPTION : In the first half of this book, Hal Foster surveys our new 'political economy of design,' exploring the marketing of culture and the branding of identity, the development of spectacle-architecture and the rise of global cities. In the second half, he examines the historical relations of modern art and the modern museum, the conceptual vicissitudes of art history and visual studies, the recent travails of art criticism, and the double aftermath of modernism and postmodernism. Written in a lively style, Design and Crime offers historical sketches and contemporary test-cases in an attempt to illuminate the conditions for critical culture in the present.
📒History Of Architectural Theoryby Hanno-Walter Kruft
Publisher : Princeton Architectural Press
ISBN_10 : 1568980108
Copyright Year : 1994
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DESCRIPTION : As the first comprehensive encyclopedic survey of Western architectural theory from Vitruvius to the present, this book is an essential resource for architects, students, teachers, historians, and theorists. Using only original sources, Kruft has undertaken the monumental task of researching, organizing, and analyzing the significant statements put forth by architectural theorists over the last two thousand years. The result is a text that is authoritative and complete, easy to read without being reductive.
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN_10 : 0520923200
Copyright Year : 1997-01-27
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DESCRIPTION : Few twentieth-century writers on architecture and design have enjoyed the renown of Reyner Banham. Born and trained in England and a U.S. resident starting in 1976, Banham wrote incisively about American and European buildings and culture. Now readers can enjoy a chronological cross-section of essays, polemics, and reviews drawn from more than three decades of Banham's writings. The volume, which includes discussions of Italian Futurism, Adolf Loos, Paul Scheerbart, and the Bauhaus as well as explorations of contemporary architecture by Frank Gehry, James Stirling, and Norman Foster, conveys the full range of Banham's belief in industrial and technological development as the motor of architectural evolution. Banham's interests and passions ranged from architecture and the culture of pop art to urban and industrial design. In brilliant analyses of automobile styling, mobile homes, science fiction films, and the American predilection for gadgets, he anticipated many of the preoccupations of contemporary cultural studies. Los Angeles, the city that Banham commemorated in a book and a film, receives extensive attention in essays on the Santa Monica Pier, the Getty Museum, Forest Lawn cemetery, and the ubiquitous freeway system. Eminently readable, provocative, and entertaining, this book is certain to consolidate Banham's reputation among architects and students of contemporary culture. For those acquainted with his writing, it offers welcome surprises as well as familiar delights. For those encountering Banham for the first time, it comprises the perfect introduction.
Publisher : The Museum of Modern Art
ISBN_10 : 0870703625
Copyright Year : 2002-01-01
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DESCRIPTION : 'The art of drawing flourished in the 1990s, and broke significantly from the tenets of twentieth-century modernism. Drawing Now: Eight Propositions surveys this new work, and shows drawing as no less adventurous and aesthetically satisfying than any of the more recent and seemingly more current methods of artmaking today. Carefully executed and highly finished, the drawings explored in this book - which accompanies an exhibition at The Museum of Modern Art (in its temporary home in Queens, New York) in 2002-2003 - are largely representational and descriptive, sometimes with an interest in story-telling. Some show affinities with illustration, fashion, or comic strips; others are closer to industrial and commercial varieties of precision drawing, such as architectural plans and scientific renderings; still others take ideas from the traditions of ornament.'--BOOK JACKET.Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved
📒Emigre Global Design Vs Globalism Critisism Science Authenticity And Humanism 67by Michael Schmidt
Publisher : Princeton Architectural Press
ISBN_10 : 1568984677
Copyright Year : 2004-08-12
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Adolf Loos Ornament And Crime Pdf
DESCRIPTION : In his essay 'Style is Not a Four Letter Word,' Mr. Keedy looks at the continuing feud in design between style and content, form and function, and even pleasure and utility, and tries to pin down how style got such a bad reputation, and how restoring its value may save design. Kenneth FitzGerald in 'Buzz Kill' continues to be amazed at the gyrations designers will go through to try and place themselves beyond criticism. His essay tries to drive a stake through the common techniques used by designers to neutralize criticism. Anthony Inciong mourns the fact that design no longer leads but answers to the market and how this coincides with the dumbing down of design education. He recommends an increase in theory, history, and research as a way for young designers to build an awareness of the culture in which they and their objects will live. Michael Schmidt and Katherine McCoy, in two separate essays, explore the role of graphic design in the age of globalization. Randy Nakamura looks at the continuing attempt by graphic designers to raise design above its middlebrow pedigree. David Cabianca reviews Fred Smeijer's book 'Type now: a manifesto, plus work so far.' Cabianca, who studies at the University of Reading (UK), looks at what a student of type design may take away from this book. Rudy VanderLans interviews Peter Bilak, the designer of the popular Fedra type family and co-publisher of 'DotDotDot' magazine, as well as Dmitri Siegel, a recent Yale graduate who has a knack for writing original and insightful design critiques. Max Kisman lends us a few pages from his ongoing illustrated diary which currently contains over 15,000 pages. Plus, the Readers Respond, featuring letters in response to past issues of Emigre magazine.
📒Ornament And Figure In Graeco Roman Artby Nikolaus Dietrich
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN_10 : 9783110469578
Copyright Year : 2018-03-19
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DESCRIPTION : How does ‘decoration’ work? What are the relations between ‘figurative’ and ‘ornamental’ modes? And how do such modern western distinctions relate to other critical traditions? While these questions have been much debated among art historians, our book offers an ancient visual cultural perspective. On the one hand, we argue, Greek and Roman materials have proved instrumental in shaping modern assumptions. On the other hand, those ideologies are fundamentally removed from ancient ideas: an ancient perspective can therefore shed light on larger aesthetic debates about what images are – or indeed what they should be.This anthology of specially commissioned essays explores a variety of case studies (both literary and art historical alike): it discusses materials from across the ancient Mediterranean, and from Geometric art all the way through to late antiquity; the book also tackles questions of ‘figure’ and ‘ornament’ in relation to different media – including painting, free-standing statues, relief sculpture, mosaics and architecture. A particular feature of the volume lies in bringing together different national academic traditions, building a bridge between formalist approaches and broader cultural historical perspectives.
Publisher : Skyhorse Publishing Inc.
ISBN_10 : 9781581153101
Copyright Year : 2003-10
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Ornament And Crime 1.3 Manual Pdf
DESCRIPTION : This groundbreaking anthology is the first to focus exclusively on the history of industrial design. With essays written by some of the greatest designers, visionaries, policy makers, theorists, critics and historians of the past two centuries, this book traces the history of industrial design, industrialization, and mass production in the United States and throughout the world.
Ornament And Crime Module
📒Details Of Consequenceby Gurminder Kaur Bhogal
Adolf Loos Ornament And Crime
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN_10 : 9780199795055
Copyright Year : 2013-10
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Ornament And Crime Ppt
DESCRIPTION : Details of Consequence examines a trait that is rarely questioned in fin-de-siècle French music: ornamental extravagance. In re-evaluating the status of ornament for French culture, this book investigates how musical and visual expressions of decorative detail shaped widespread discussions on identity, style, and aesthetics.